基于铜金复合纳米材料的半胱氨酸检测

铜金复合纳米材料作为一种新型探针，可灵敏地选择性检测半胱氨酸。在碘离子存在的情况下，半胱氨酸能够使铜金复合纳米材料的吸收峰信号增强，从而实现半胱氨酸的定量检测，检测限为0.06 mmol/L，线性范围为0～1 mmol/L。与其他氨基酸相比，铜金复合纳米材料传感器对半胱氨酸显示出良好的选择性，所制备的铜金复合纳米材料无需任何处理即可直接用于检测体系，大大简化了检测流程，具有简单、快捷和选择性高等优点，可作为半胱氨酸检测的有力工具。     

I ain’t afraid of no ghost

This paper criticizes the traditional philosophical account of the quantization of gauge theories and offers an alternative. On the received view, gauge theories resist quantization because they feature distinct mathematical representatives of the same physical state of affairs. This resistance is overcome by a sequence of ad hoc modifications, justified in part by reference to semiclassical electrodynamics. Among other things, these modifications introduce ”ghosts”: particles with unphysical properties which do not appear in asymptotic states and which are said to be purely a notational convenience. I argue that this sequence of modifications is unjustified and inadequate, making it a poor basis for the interpretation of ghosts. I then argue that gauge theories can be quantized by the same method as any other theory. On this account, ghosts are not purely notation: they are coordinates on the classical configuration space of the theory—specifically, on its gauge structure. This interpretation does not fall prey to the standard philosophical arguments against the significance of ghosts, due to Weingard. Weingard’s argumentative strategy, properly applied, in fact tells in favor of ghosts’ physical significance.     

Divergence of values and goals in participatory research

Public participation in scientific research has gained prominence in many scientific fields, but the theory of participatory research is still limited. In this paper, we suggest that the divergence of values and goals between academic researchers and public participants in research is key to analyzing the different forms this research takes. We examine two existing characterizations of participatory research: one in terms of public participants' role in the research, the other in terms of the virtues of the research. In our view, each of these captures an important feature of participatory research but is, on its own, limited in what features it takes into account. We introduce an expanded conception of norms of collaboration that extends to both academic researchers and public participants. We suggest that satisfying these norms requires consideration of the two groups' possibly divergent values and goals, and that a broad characterization of participatory research that starts from participants' values and goals can motivate both public participants’ role in the research and the virtues of the research. The resulting framework clarifies the similarities and differences among participatory projects and can help guide the responsible design of such projects.     

融合码盘和激光雷达的里程计与建图

提出了一种用于自动驾驶汽车的低漂移、低延迟的里程计与高精度建图的算法。该方法融合了多种传感器的测量结果，包括车轮编码器、转向盘转角编码器、激光雷达及可选GPS等的测量结果。里程计算法由车轮里程计和激光里程计组成：前者基于车辆运动学模型，高频、实时估计位姿增量，用于点云去畸变和为后者优化位姿提供可用的初值；后者以较低的频率估计车辆的精确位姿变化，以补偿前者累计的误差，其核心是一种基于角度度量的两阶段特征提取方法。建图算法基于因子图，包含激光里程计因子、回环因子和可选GPS因子，通过增量平滑和建图算法优化全局轨迹，在线生成全局地图，其中GPS因子能够自动对齐GPS坐标系和里程计坐标系，逐步融合GPS测量值，解除了算法初始化过程对于GPS的依赖。所提出的方法在自动驾驶汽车平台数据集上进行了评估，并和已开源的部分相关工作进行对比，结果表明它具有更低的漂移率，在本文进行的最大规模的测试中达到了0.53%。相关代码以开源形式供交流参考（https：//github.com/Saki-Chen/W-LOAM）。     

Patient participation in the clinical encounter and clinical practice guidelines: The case of patients’ participation in a GRADEd world

It is widely acknowledged that the patient's perspective should be considered when making decisions about how her care will be managed. Patient participation in the decision making process may play an important role in bringing to light and incorporating her perspective. The GRADE framework is touted as an evidence-based process for determining recommendations for clinical practice; i.e. determining how care ought to be managed. GRADE recommendations are categorized as “strong” or “weak” based on several factors, including the “values and preferences” of a “typical” patient. The strength of the recommendation also provides instruction to the clinician about when and how patients should participate in the clinical encounter, and thus whether an individual patient's values and preferences will be heard in her clinical encounter. That is, a “strong” recommendation encourages “paternalism” and a “weak” recommendation encourages shared decision making. We argue that adoption of the GRADE framework is problematic to patient participation and may result in care that is not respectful of the individual patient's values and preferences. We argue that the root of the problem is the conception of “values and preferences” in GRADE – the framework favours population thinking (e.g. “typical” patient “values and preferences”), despite the fact that “values and preferences” are individual in the sense that they are deeply personal. We also show that tying the strength of a recommendation to a model of decision making (paternalism or shared decision making) constrains patient participation and is not justified (theoretically and/or empirically) in the GRADE literature.     

齐次核的Hilbert型多重级数不等式取最佳常数因子的等价条件及应用

利用实分析技巧和权函数方法, 讨论具有齐次核的多重级数Hilbert型不等式, 得到了其取最佳常数因子的充分必要条件, 并给出其应用.     

“百病生于气”疾病观的针灸临床应用

 “百病生于气”见于《素问·举痛论》，几千年来始终是中医临床认识疾病、防治疾病的重要理论依据之一。对气的含义及气机失调致病的机制进行了梳理，得出了“百病生于气”的基本含义可以概括为气机失调是疾病发生的基本病机的结论，情志因素、精神心理是导致疾病发生的重要内因。分析认为“百病生于气”的理论对于针灸临床有重要指导意义，针灸诊疗过程中应注重“调气”“调神”，这是针灸取得佳效的根本保障。     

中国无人机安全监管

 随着无人机产业的蓬勃发展，加快推进相关立法，加强行业安全监管，已变得十分必要和迫切。综合研究了中国现有无人机相关的监管法规制度情况，分析了各项管理措施和政策，剖析了监管存在的问题，并借鉴国外主流做法和经验，提出中国无人机安全监管应围绕“人、机、环”关键环节，从国家层面建立统一管控平台，加快相关法规标准制定，规范反制设备使用，通过安全检测、试点宣传等手段，推动建立健全安全监管体系。     

自动调温与均温艾灸仪的研制及温度场分析

为了解决现有艾灸过程中热量不均衡、热量利用率低、操作繁琐等问题，达到高效利用热量和药烟的目标，本文设计并实现了一种新型智能艾灸仪，该艾灸仪包含燃烧、熏蒸、收集及控制系统，可以实现烟雾自动收集、温度精确智能控制以及艾灸操作流程简化等功能。基于传热学理论对艾灸仪的熏蒸系统建立热力学模型，并利用Fluent软件对其进行温度场分析，分析结果表明：锥形流道是两种结构方案中较优的流道结构；所设计的温度均衡隔板对艾灸仪的温度均衡起到至关重要的作用；实际使用中存在的泄漏不仅对升温速度有轻微的影响，对温度场的分布也有一定的影响。设计与研究结果为现代艾灸仪的临床应用提供了理论基础。     

基于数据场联合PRI变换与聚类的雷达信号分选

基于脉冲描述字进行雷达信号分选时,传统聚类算法需要预先人工设定聚类中心和聚类数目。针对该问题,提出一种基于数据场理论联合脉冲重复间隔(pulse repetition interval,PRI)变换与聚类的雷达信号分选新方法。首先,依据数据场理论,基于势值大小实现干扰点剔除,而后利用PRI变换算法进行PRI估计,依据PRI估计值将归一化脉冲描述字数据预分类,进而以各类数据集中心间的欧氏距离小于辐射因子为准则进行类别合并,自动得到初始聚类中心和聚类数目,最后通过改进K-Means算法完成聚类分选。仿真实验表明:所提方法能够应对存在频率捷变,重频参差、抖动、参数交叠、局部脉冲丢失的复杂信号环境,分选正确率明显提升。